RELIANCE STUDENT TRANSPORTATION LLC
- 2858856
-
310 PINE GROVE COMMONS
YORK, PA 17403 - 344
- 365
- 146
Safety Rating & OOS Rates
(As of 01/24/2026 updated daily from SAFER )
Out of Service Rates
| Type | OOS % | National Avg % |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicle | 2.7 | 23.2 |
| Driver | 0.0 | 6.4 |
| Hazmat | 4.4 |
Licensing and Insurance
(As of 01/24/2026 updated hourly from L&I )
| Type | Yes/No | MC#/MX# |
|---|---|---|
| Property | No | |
| Passenger | Yes | MC-957450 |
| Household Goods | No | |
| Broker | No |
BASIC Status
(Public Passenger Carrier View)
Behavior Analysis & Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs) Based on a 24-month record ending December 26, 2025
-
Unsafe Driving
-
Not Public Crash Indicator
-
Hours-of-Service Compliance
-
Vehicle Maintenance
-
Controlled Substances and Alcohol
-
Not Public Hazardous Materials Compliance
-
Driver Fitness
| On-Road Performance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 0% | Not Public | 0 0% | 0.38 2% | 0 0% | Not Public | 0 0% |
| On-Road Performance Detail | ||||||
|
0
No Safety Event Grouping
326.7
Straight Carrier
|
Not Public |
146
0
101-500 relevant driver inspections
|
145
20
101-500 relevant vehicle inspections
|
146
0
No Safety Event Grouping
|
Not Public |
146
0
101-500 relevant driver inspections
|
| Investigation Results | ||||||
| No Acute/Critical Violations Discovered | N/A | No Acute/Critical Violations Discovered | No Acute/Critical Violations Discovered | No Acute/Critical Violations Discovered | Not Public | No Acute/Critical Violations Discovered |
Select a BASIC icon above to get details, or view your Complete SMS Profile.
Denotes this carrier exceeds the FMCSA Intervention
Threshold relative to its safety event grouping based upon
roadside data and/or has been cited with one or more Acute/Critical Violations within the
past 12 months during an investigation. Therefore, this carrier may be prioritized
for an intervention action and roadside inspection.
Violation Summary
Violations: 20
| Violations | Description | # Violations | # OOS Violations | Violation Severity Weight | BASIC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 393.45B2-B-AIR | Air Brake - Hose/tubing damaged or not secured. | 1 | 0 | 4 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.45D-B | Air Brake - Audible air leak at a proper connection. | 2 | 0 | 4 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.45DLUV | Brake Connections with Leaks Under Vehicle | 1 | 0 | 4 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.62-BEI | Buses - Required emergency exit inoperative (does not open, close and/or secure as designed). | 2 | 2 | 1 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.62-BEMEO | Buses - Marked emergency exit is obstructed (includes obstruction of the markings, release mechanism, and/or the opening of the emergency exit. | 1 | 1 | 1 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.62-BENM | Buses - Required emergency exit not properly marked. (does not convey message) | 1 | 1 | 1 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.62(e) | No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 8 | 0 | 1 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.9A-LFTSI | Lighting - Front - Turn signal - inoperative. | 2 | 0 | 6 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.9A-LSML | Lighting - Side marker lamp(s) inoperative. | 1 | 0 | 2 | Vehicle Maint. |
| 393.9TS | Inoperative turn signal | 1 | 0 | 6 | Vehicle Maint. |
Inspection History
Total Inspections: 146
| Report | Vehicle | Measure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspection Date | Number | State | Plate Number | Plate State | Type |
Severity Weight (SW) |
Time Weight (TiW) |
| 12/15/2025 | PAE906534927 | PA | SC91673 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 12/15/2025 | PAE906534928 | PA | SC81879 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 12/15/2025 | PAE906534930 | PA | SC93284 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 12/15/2025 | PAJ622534981 | PA | SC99494 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 12/15/2025 | PAJ622534982 | PA | SC93286 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 12/15/2025 | PAJ622534983 | PA | SC91680 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 393.62-BEI Buses - Required emergency exit inoperative (does not open, close and/or secure as designed) (OOS) | 1 + 2 (OOS) | ||||||
| 12/15/2025 | PAJ622534984 | PA | SC73831 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 393.62-BEI Buses - Required emergency exit inoperative (does not open, close and/or secure as designed) (OOS) | 1 + 2 (OOS) | ||||||
| 12/15/2025 | PAE906534929 | PA | SC81864 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/26/2025 | PAE906533081 | PA | SC81846 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/26/2025 | PAE906533082 | PA | SC81870 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/26/2025 | PAE906533083 | PA | SC96574 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/26/2025 | PAE906533084 | PA | SC81829 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/26/2025 | PAJ622533047 | PA | SC93273 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/26/2025 | PAJ622533048 | PA | SC81863 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/26/2025 | PAJ622533049 | PA | SC81847 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/26/2025 | PAJ622533050 | PA | SC82882 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/25/2025 | PAJ608532971 | PA | SC73833 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/25/2025 | PAJ608532972 | PA | SC81862 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/25/2025 | PAJ608532973 | PA | SC81864 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/25/2025 | PAJ608532974 | PA | SC91673 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/20/2025 | PAE906532470 | PA | SC93284 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/20/2025 | PAE906532471 | PA | SC91678 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/20/2025 | PAE906532472 | PA | SC81879 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 11/20/2025 | PAE906532473 | PA | SD10214 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/31/2025 | PAJ622530419 | PA | SC74077 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 393.9A-LSML Lighting - Side marker lamp(s) inoperative | 2 | ||||||
| 10/14/2025 | PAJ622528790 | PA | SC91681 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 393.45D-B Air Brake - Audible air leak at a proper connection | 4 | ||||||
| 10/14/2025 | PAJ622528791 | PA | SD10214 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/14/2025 | PAJ622528792 | PA | SC91680 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/14/2025 | PAJ622528793 | PA | SC81879 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/14/2025 | PAE906528702 | PA | SC81838 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/14/2025 | PAE906528703 | PA | SC72774 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/14/2025 | PAE906528704 | PA | SC91678 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/14/2025 | PAE906528705 | PA | SC96581 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/14/2025 | PAE906528706 | PA | SC91671 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 10/14/2025 | PAE906528707 | PA | SC93284 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 9/17/2025 | PAE912526037 | PA | SC74966 | PA | BUS | 3 | |
| 9/17/2025 | PAE912526038 | PA | SC91667 | PA | BUS | 3 | |
| 9/17/2025 | PAJ622526042 | PA | SC74962 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 9/17/2025 | PAJ622526043 | PA | SC74967 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 9/8/2025 | PAJ622525106 | PA | SC91675 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 9/8/2025 | PAJ622525107 | PA | SC81836 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 9/8/2025 | PAJ622525108 | PA | SC91677 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 3 | |
| 393.45D-B Air Brake - Audible air leak at a proper connection | 4 | ||||||
| 5/30/2025 | PAJ316515044 | PA | SC74965 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 393.9A-LFTSI Lighting - Front - Turn signal - inoperative | 6 | ||||||
| 5/28/2025 | PAJ622514840 | PA | SC81843 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 5/28/2025 | PAE906514804 | PA | SC93277 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 5/28/2025 | PAE906514805 | PA | SC96578 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 5/28/2025 | PAE906514806 | PA | SC74962 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 5/28/2025 | PAE906514807 | PA | SC74961 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 5/28/2025 | PAJ622514841 | PA | SC81839 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 5/28/2025 | PAJ622514842 | PA | SC96584 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 393.62-BENM Buses - Required emergency exit not properly marked. (does not convey message) (OOS) | 1 + 2 (OOS) | ||||||
| 5/28/2025 | PAJ622514843 | PA | SC82882 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 393.45B2-B-AIR Air Brake - Hose/tubing damaged or not secured | 4 | ||||||
| 5/28/2025 | PAE906514808 | PA | SC81860 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 5/28/2025 | PAE906514809 | PA | SC96587 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 4/25/2025 | PAE906511531 | PA | SC91672 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 4/25/2025 | PAE906511532 | PA | SC96580 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 4/25/2025 | PAE906511533 | PA | SC81864 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 4/25/2025 | PAE906511534 | PA | SC96581 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 4/25/2025 | PAE906511535 | PA | SC96582 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 4/9/2025 | PAJ610509948 | PA | SC88919 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 3/21/2025 | PAE906508023 | PA | SC91675 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 3/21/2025 | PAE906508024 | PA | SC81830 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 3/21/2025 | PAE906508026 | PA | SC96574 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 3/21/2025 | PAJ622508029 | PA | SC91674 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 3/21/2025 | PAJ622508030 | PA | SC91676 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 393.62-BEMEO Buses - Marked emergency exit is obstructed (includes obstruction of the markings, release mechanism, and/or the opening of the emergency exit (OOS) | 1 + 2 (OOS) | ||||||
| 3/21/2025 | PAJ622508031 | PA | SC81831 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 3/21/2025 | PAJ622508032 | PA | SC81870 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 3/21/2025 | PAE906508025 | PA | SC81850 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 3/19/2025 | PAJ619507815 | PA | SC74026 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 2/24/2025 | PAE906505578 | PA | SC74999 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 2/24/2025 | PAE906505579 | PA | SC96582 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 2/24/2025 | PAE906505580 | PA | SC81877 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 2/24/2025 | PAE906505581 | PA | SC96581 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 2/24/2025 | PAJ610505523 | PA | SC91672 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 2/24/2025 | PAJ610505524 | PA | SC81861 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 2/24/2025 | PAJ610505525 | PA | SC96580 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 2/24/2025 | PAJ610505526 | PA | SC81864 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAE906502112 | PA | SC93277 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAE906502113 | PA | SC96578 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAE906502114 | PA | SC96579 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAE906502115 | PA | SC96587 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAE906502116 | PA | SC74964 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAE906502117 | PA | SC74962 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAE906502118 | PA | SC81860 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAJ610502185 | PA | SC74961 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAJ610502186 | PA | SC74962 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAJ610502187 | PA | SC91668 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 1/21/2025 | PAJ610502188 | PA | SC74967 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 2 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAE906434044 | PA | SC81860 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAE906434045 | PA | SC81883 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAE906434046 | PA | SC96579 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAE906434047 | PA | SC74901 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAE906434048 | PA | SC74903 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAE906434049 | PA | SC74962 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAJ610434044 | PA | SC74906 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.9A-LFTSI Lighting - Front - Turn signal - inoperative | 6 | ||||||
| 12/5/2024 | PAJ610434047 | PA | SC93278 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAJ610434048 | PA | SC74964 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAJ610434049 | PA | SC74966 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 12/5/2024 | PAJ610434050 | PA | SC74961 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 11/4/2024 | PAE906430983 | PA | SC81867 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 11/4/2024 | PAE906430984 | PA | SC81875 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 11/4/2024 | PAJ610430960 | PA | SC96575 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 11/4/2024 | PAJ610430961 | PA | SC81854 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 10/25/2024 | PAJ610429936 | PA | SC72736 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 10/25/2024 | PAJ610429937 | PA | SC96582 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.45DLUV Brake Connections with Leaks Under Vehicle | 4 | ||||||
| 5/31/2024 | PAH123415240 | PA | SC74957 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAE906414595 | PA | SC81883 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAE906414596 | PA | SC74906 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAE906414597 | PA | SC93278 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAE906414598 | PA | SC74964 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAE906414599 | PA | SC74961 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAJ610414557 | PA | SC74903 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAJ610414552 | PA | SC81860 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAJ610414553 | PA | SC91668 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.9TS Inoperative turn signal | 6 | ||||||
| 5/24/2024 | PAJ610414554 | PA | SC74962 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAJ610414555 | PA | SC74960 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 5/24/2024 | PAJ610414556 | PA | SC74963 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 4/18/2024 | PAL209410979 | PA | SC74994 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 4/4/2024 | PAJ610409595 | PA | SC74965 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 4/2/2024 | PAJ610409392 | PA | SC82886 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.62(e) No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 1 | ||||||
| 3/26/2024 | PAJ610408669 | PA | SC91674 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 3/26/2024 | PAJ610408670 | PA | SC81830 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 3/26/2024 | PAJ610408671 | PA | SC82885 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 3/26/2024 | PAE906408633 | PA | SC82887 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 3/26/2024 | PAE906408634 | PA | SC81836 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 3/26/2024 | PAE906408635 | PA | SC81863 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 3/26/2024 | PAE906408636 | PA | SC81867 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 3/26/2024 | PAE906408637 | PA | SC81850 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 3/26/2024 | PAJ610408672 | PA | SC81875 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAE906405436 | PA | SC81864 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAE906405437 | PA | SC81877 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAE906405438 | PA | SC93284 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAE906405439 | PA | SC72743 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAE906405440 | PA | SC79705 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAE906405441 | PA | SC72751 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAE906405442 | PA | SC93282 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAJ610405477 | PA | SC91678 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 2/23/2024 | PAJ610405478 | PA | SC72754 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.62(e) No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 1 | ||||||
| 2/23/2024 | PAJ610405479 | PA | SC91671 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.62(e) No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 1 | ||||||
| 2/23/2024 | PAJ610405480 | PA | SC72768 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.62(e) No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 1 | ||||||
| 2/23/2024 | PAJ610405481 | PA | SC74026 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 1/29/2024 | PAJ610402941 | PA | SC74980 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.62(e) No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 1 | ||||||
| 1/29/2024 | PAE958402901 | PA | SC74974 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 1/19/2024 | PAJ610401933 | PA | SC74957 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.62(e) No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 1 | ||||||
| 1/19/2024 | PAJ610401934 | PA | SC74998 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 1/19/2024 | PAJ610401935 | PA | SC74968 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.62(e) No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 1 | ||||||
| 1/19/2024 | PAJ610401936 | PA | SC74965 | PA | SCHOOL BUS | 1 | |
| 393.62(e) No or inadequate bus emergency exit marking | 1 | ||||||
Reviewed-Not Preventable Crash Activity (vehicles involved in crashes)
Total Number of Crashes: 2
| Report | Vehicle | Crash | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Number | State | Plate Number | Plate State | Fatal | Inj. | Tow. | HM |
| 10/24/2024 | PA410988600X | PA | SC96582 | PA | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
| 3/7/2024 | PA402466200X | PA | SC74974 | PA | 0 | 0 | Yes | No |
Crashes Included in SMS (vehicles involved in crashes)
Total Number of Crashes: 6
| Report | Vehicle | Crash | Measure = Sum of the Total Weight (TotW) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Number | State | Plate Number | Plate State | Fatal | Inj. | Tow. | HM |
Severity Weight (SW) |
Time
Weight (TiW) |
Total Weight (TotW) |
| 5/22/2025 | PA504822200X | PA | SC74968 | PA | 0 | 1 | No | No | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 5/9/2025 | PA504656500X | PA | SC72728 | PA | 0 | 0 | Yes | No | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 12/9/2024 | PA411151800X | PA | SC81863 | PA | 0 | 1 | Yes | No | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 11/25/2024 | PA410814300X | PA | SC82886 | PA | 0 | 1 | No | No | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 11/11/2024 | PA410599100X | PA | SC74024 | PA | 0 | 0 | Yes | No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2/23/2024 | PA401940900X | PA | SC74023 | PA | 0 | 2 | Yes | No | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Investigation Results
Acute/Critical Violations: 0
This carrier has no Acute/Critical violations to display.
Summary of Activities
The summary includes information on the 5 most recent investigations and 24 months of inspections and crash history.
- 8/30/2018 (Non-Ratable Review)
-
146
- 126
- 20
- : 8
*Crashes listed represent a motor carrier’s involvement in reportable crashes, regardless of the carrier’s or driver’s role in the crash. Continue for details.
Continue for more Crash, Inspection & Investigation DetailsCarrier Registration
Carrier Registration Details Subject to Passenger Threshold Update Registration InfoEnforcement Cases
(Six years as of 01/24/2026 updated monthly from FMCSA )
No penalties found
